Bishops & their sees

31 bishops, c. 1–683.

1. 
   Peterc. 1 – c. 64

   Chief of the Twelve Apostles.

2. 
   Clement of Romec. 35 – c. 99

   Bishop of Rome late in the 1st century. Author of 1 Clement to the Corinthian church c. AD 96 — the earliest surviving Christian document outside the New Testament.

3. 
   Linus of Romec. 16* – c. 76

   Listed by Irenaeus and Eusebius as the first bishop of Rome after Peter and Paul. Often identified with the Linus greeted in 2 Timothy 4:21.

4. 
   Anacletus of Romec. 32* – c. 92

   Second successor of Peter at Rome per Irenaeus' list. Almost no biographical detail survives beyond the succession lists.

5. 
   Pope Anicetusc. 100 – c. 168

   Bishop of Rome c. 157-168. Hosted Polycarp of Smyrna in Rome during the Easter dating dispute; they parted in peace though disagreeing.

6. 
   Pope Soterc. 110 – c. 174

   Bishop of Rome c. 168-174. Corresponded with Dionysius of Corinth and sent aid to other churches.

7. 
   Pope Eleutheriusc. 120 – c. 189

   Bishop of Rome c. 174-189. Received Irenaeus as envoy from the Gallic confessors during the Montanist crisis.

8. 
   Pope Victor Ic. 130 – c. 199

   First Latin-speaking bishop of Rome (c. 189-199). Excommunicated the Asian churches over the Quartodeciman controversy; rebuked by Irenaeus.

9. 
   Pope Zephyrinusc. 150 – c. 217

   Bishop of Rome 199-217. Criticised by Hippolytus as theologically weak in the modalist controversy.

10. 
    Pope Callixtus Ic. 155 – c. 222

    Bishop of Rome 217-222. Former slave; relaxed penitential discipline, drawing fire from Hippolytus and Tertullian. Tradition records him as a martyr.

11. 
    Pope Urban Ic. 175 – 230

    Bishop of Rome 222-230. Successor of Callixtus I; little reliable detail survives.

12. 
    Pope Pontianc. 180 – 235

    Bishop of Rome 230-235. Exiled with Hippolytus to Sardinia under Maximinus Thrax; resigned the see and died there.

13. 
    Pope Anterusc. 180 – 236

    Bishop of Rome for about 40 days, November 235 to January 236.

14. 
    Pope Fabianc. 200 – 250

    Bishop of Rome 236-250. Organised the Roman titular churches; martyred 20 January 250 in the Decian persecution.

15. 
    Pope Corneliusc. 200 – 253

    Bishop of Rome 251-253; opposed by the rigorist Novatian. Cyprian of Carthage backed his legitimacy. Died in exile under Gallus, counted as martyr.

16. 
    Pope Lucius Ic. 200 – 254

    Bishop of Rome 253-254. Briefly exiled, then returned; supported Cyprian's lenient stance toward the lapsed.

17. 
    Pope Stephen Ic. 200 – 257

    Bishop of Rome 254-257. Disputed bitterly with Cyprian and the African church over the rebaptism of those baptised by heretics, insisting Roman tradition not require it.

18. 
    Pope Sixtus IIc. 200 – 258

    Bishop of Rome 257-258. Healed the breach with the African church over rebaptism. Beheaded at the cemetery of Praetextatus 6 August 258 under Valerian.

19. 
    Pope Dionysiusc. 200 – 268

    Bishop of Rome 259-268. Clarified Trinitarian language in correspondence with Dionysius of Alexandria over Sabellian and Subordinationist concerns.

20. 
    Pope Felix Ic. 220 – 274

    Bishop of Rome 269-274. Active during the deposition of Paul of Samosata at Antioch.

21. 
    Pope Eutychianc. 230 – 283

    Bishop of Rome 275-283; little of substance is preserved beyond the Liber Pontificalis notice.

22. Pope Caiusc. 240 – 296

    Bishop of Rome 283-296. Reign saw the lull before the Diocletianic persecution.

23. 
    Pope Marcellinusc. 250 – 304

    Bishop of Rome 296-304. Reign covered the outbreak of the Diocletianic persecution; his conduct during it was later disputed by the Donatists.

24. 
    Pope Damasus Ic. 305 – 384

    Bishop of Rome 366-384. Patron of Jerome who commissioned the Vulgate. Established the canon of Scripture at the Roman Synod (382).

25. 
    Pope Innocent Ic. 360 – 417

    Bishop of Rome 401-417. Defended John Chrysostom and confirmed the African councils' condemnation of Pelagianism (417).

26. 
    Pope Celestine Ic. 376 – 432

    Bishop of Rome 422-432. Backed Cyril of Alexandria against Nestorius and sent legates to Ephesus (431); reportedly sent Palladius to Ireland (431).

27. 
    Pope Leo Ic. 400 – 461

    Bishop of Rome 440-461. His Tome (Epistula 28) was acclaimed at the Council of Chalcedon (451). Negotiated with Attila in 452.

28. 
    Pope Gregory I (the Great)c. 540 – 604

    Pope from 590-604 and one of the four traditional Latin Doctors of the Church.

29. 
    Pope Agathoc. 577 – 681

    Pope (678-681) whose dogmatic letter to the Third Council of Constantinople (680-681) was accepted as a definitive statement of dyothelite Christology, condemning Monothelitism.

30. 
    Pope Martin Ic. 590 – 655

    Pope (649-655) who convened the Lateran Council of 649 condemning Monothelitism.

31. Pope Leo IIc. 611 – 683

    Pope (682-683) who confirmed the decrees of the Third Council of Constantinople, ratifying the condemnation of Monothelitism (and of his predecessor Honorius for negligence).

3 bishops, c. 1–638.

1. 
   James the Justc. 1 – c. 62

   Called 'brother of the Lord' in the New Testament (Galatians 1:19; Mark 6:3) — Catholic and Orthodox tradition reads this as kinsman or step-brother through Joseph's prior marriage; most Protestants read it as a literal sibling.

2. 
   Cyril of Jerusalemc. 313 – 386

   Bishop of Jerusalem. His Catechetical Lectures are a primary witness to fourth-century baptismal preparation and liturgy.

3. 
   Sophronius of Jerusalemc. 560 – 638

   Patriarch of Jerusalem (634-638).

8 bishops, c. 5–454.

1. 
   Mark the Evangelistc. 5 – c. 68

   Companion of Paul and Barnabas, then 'interpreter' of Peter at Rome (per Papias). Traditional author of the Gospel of Mark and founder of the church of Alexandria.

2. 
   Demetrius of Alexandriac. 130 – 231

   11th bishop of Alexandria (189-231). Appointed Origen head of the Catechetical School, then later opposed and condemned him after his ordination outside Alexandria.

3. 
   Heraclas of Alexandriac. 180 – 247

   13th bishop of Alexandria (231-247); pupil of Origen and his successor at the Catechetical School before becoming patriarch.

4. 
   Dionysius of Alexandriac. 190 – c. 265

   Pupil of Origen, head of the Catechetical School, then 14th bishop of Alexandria (247-265). Wrote against Sabellianism and on the authorship of Revelation.

5. 
   Alexander of Alexandriac. 250 – 326

   Patriarch of Alexandria 313-326. First to condemn Arius locally (c. 318); led the orthodox party at Nicaea; mentor of Athanasius.

6. 
   Athanasius of Alexandriac. 296 – 373

   Bishop of Alexandria and chief defender of Nicene orthodoxy against Arianism. Five times exiled. Wrote On the Incarnation and the Vita Antonii.

7. 
   Cyril of Alexandriac. 376 – 444

   Patriarch of Alexandria. Chief architect of Christological orthodoxy; presided over the Council of Ephesus (431) which condemned Nestorius.

8. Dioscorus of Alexandriac. 390 – 454

   Patriarch of Alexandria 444-451. Successor of Cyril; presided over the 'Robber Synod' of Ephesus (449); deposed at Chalcedon (451).

4 bishops, c. 6–196.

1. 
   John the Apostlec. 6 – c. 100

   Son of Zebedee, brother of James, one of the Twelve and of the inner three. By tradition resided in Ephesus, taught Polycarp and Papias, and lived to the reign of Trajan.

2. Timothyc. 17 – c. 97

   Companion and disciple of Paul, addressee of 1-2 Timothy. Traditionally first bishop of Ephesus; martyred under Nerva or Trajan per later acta.

3. 
   Onesimusc. 49* – c. 109

   Slave of Philemon converted by Paul (Philem. 10). Often identified with the bishop Onesimus of Ephesus greeted by Ignatius in his letter to the Ephesians.

4. Polycrates of Ephesusc. 130 – c. 196

   Bishop of Ephesus; led the Asian churches in defending the Quartodeciman Easter against Pope Victor I c. 190.

9 bishops, c. 35–538.

1. 
   Ignatius of Antiochc. 35 – c. 108

   Bishop of Antioch, arrested and sent to Rome under Trajan c. 107-110, writing seven letters en route to the churches and to Polycarp. Martyred in Rome.

2. 
   Evodius of Antiochc. 7* – c. 67

   First bishop of Antioch after Peter per Eusebius and Origen. Said to have coined the term 'Christian' in some later traditions.

3. 
   Theophilus of Antiochc. 120 – c. 184

   Sixth bishop of Antioch; author of the three books Ad Autolycum, the earliest Christian work to use the term 'Trinity' (trias).

4. 
   Serapion of Antiochc. 140 – c. 211

   Eighth bishop of Antioch (c. 191-211). Wrote against the use of the Gospel of Peter at Rhossus.

5. 
   Asclepiades of Antiochc. 150 – c. 220

   Ninth bishop of Antioch, succeeding Serapion c. 211; counted among the confessors of his day.

6. 
   Babylas of Antiochc. 180 – 253

   Bishop of Antioch (c. 237-253); died in prison during the Decian persecution. Famous in tradition for barring Emperor Philip the Arab from the Easter liturgy.

7. Demetrian of Antiochc. 200 – c. 260

   Bishop of Antioch c. 253-260, succeeding Babylas; succeeded by Paul of Samosata.

8. 
   Paul of Samosatac. 200 – c. 275

   Bishop of Antioch c. 260-268; deposed by a synod for adoptionist Christology. Considered heterodox; an important precursor case for Nicene-era Christological debates.

9. 
   Severus of Antiochc. 465 – 538

   Patriarch of Antioch (512-518) and the most important systematic theologian of miaphysite (non-Chalcedonian) Christianity.

1 bishop, c. 60–130.

1. 
   Papias of Hierapolisc. 60 – c. 130

   Bishop of Hierapolis in Phrygia. Author of the lost five-book 'Exposition of the Sayings of the Lord'; preserves the earliest testimony about the composition of Matthew and Mark.

1 bishop, c. 69–155.

1. 
   Polycarp of Smyrnac. 69 – c. 155

   Bishop of Smyrna and (per Irenaeus) disciple of John the Apostle. Wrote to the Philippians; martyred by burning c. 155-156. Teacher of Irenaeus of Lyons.

1 bishop, c. 96–96.

1. 
   Titusc. 36* – c. 96

   Greek companion of Paul, addressee of the Epistle to Titus. Left in Crete to organize the church; traditionally first bishop of Gortyna.

1 bishop, c. 110–180.

1. 
   Melito of Sardisc. 110 – c. 180

   Bishop of Sardis, author of Peri Pascha (On the Pascha) and an Apology to Marcus Aurelius. Quartodeciman in his Easter observance.

1 bishop, c. 129–129.

1. 
   Quadratus of Athensc. 69* – c. 129

   Earliest known Christian apologist, who addressed an apology to Hadrian c.

1 bishop, c. 130–202.

1. 
   Irenaeus of Lyonsc. 130 – c. 202

   Bishop of Lyons, disciple of Polycarp, and author of Against Heresies, the foundational anti-Gnostic work. Bridge between apostolic and ante-Nicene eras.

1 bishop, c. 200–258.

1. 
   Cyprian of Carthagec. 200 – 258

   Bishop of Carthage from 248/9; led the African church through the Decian and Valerianic persecutions. Wrote De Unitate Ecclesiae and 81 letters. Martyred 14 September 258.

1 bishop, c. 213–270.

1. 
   Gregory Thaumaturgusc. 213 – c. 270

   Pupil of Origen at Caesarea; bishop of Neocaesarea in Pontus. Wrote a Panegyric on Origen and a creed; renowned for miracles.

1 bishop, c. 250–311.

1. 
   Methodius of Olympusc. 250 – c. 311

   Bishop of Olympus in Lycia; critic of Origen's doctrine of the resurrection and pre-existence of souls.

1 bishop, c. 257–331.

1. 
   Gregory the Illuminatorc. 257 – c. 331

   Apostle and patron saint of Armenia. Converted King Tiridates III, leading to Armenia's adoption of Christianity (c. 301).

1 bishop, c. 263–339.

1. 
   Eusebius of Caesareac. 263 – c. 339

   Bishop of Caesarea; the 'Father of Church History,' author of Historia Ecclesiastica, Praeparatio Evangelica, Demonstratio Evangelica, and the Life of Constantine.

7 bishops, c. 270–740.

1. Eusebius of Nicomediac. 270 – c. 341

   Bishop of Nicomedia, then of Constantinople. Leader of the Arian party at and after Nicaea. Baptized Constantine on his deathbed.

2. 
   Gregory of Nazianzusc. 329 – 390

   Cappadocian Father, briefly Archbishop of Constantinople (380-381) and presider over the First Council of Constantinople.

3. 
   John Chrysostomc. 349 – 407

   Archbishop of Constantinople, called 'Golden-Mouth' for his preaching. Greatest preacher of the Greek Fathers; deposed and exiled at the Synod of the Oak (403).

4. 
   Nestoriusc. 386 – c. 451

   Archbishop of Constantinople (428-431). Condemned at Ephesus (431) for distinguishing two persons in Christ and denying the title Theotokos. Heretic.

5. 
   Flavian of Constantinoplec. 390 – 449

   Archbishop of Constantinople 446-449. Recipient of Leo's Tome; condemned Eutyches at the Home Synod (448); deposed and beaten at the 'Robber Council' of Ephesus (449).

6. 
   Eutychius of Constantinoplec. 512 – 582

   Patriarch of Constantinople (552-565, 577-582).

7. 
   Germanus I of Constantinoplec. 634 – c. 740

   Patriarch of Constantinople (715-730).

1 bishop, c. 276–374.

1. 
   Gregory the Elder of Nazianzusc. 276 – 374

   Bishop of Nazianzus and father of Gregory the Theologian. Converted from the Hypsistarii sect; ordained his son presbyter.

1 bishop, c. 285–374.

1. Marcellus of Ancyrac. 285 – c. 374

   Bishop of Ancyra. Strong anti-Arian at Nicaea but accused of Sabellianism. Friend of Athanasius; suspected by the Eusebian party.

2 bishops, c. 310–610.

1. 
   Hilary of Poitiersc. 310 – 367

   Bishop of Poitiers and 'Athanasius of the West.' Defender of Nicene Trinitarianism in Latin; wrote De Trinitate while exiled in Phrygia.

2. 
   Venantius Fortunatusc. 530 – c. 610

   Italian-born poet and bishop of Poitiers. Composed the great passion hymns Vexilla Regis and Pange Lingua Gloriosi. Friend of Radegund and Gregory of Tours.

1 bishop, c. 310–403.

1. 
   Epiphanius of Salamisc. 310 – 403

   Bishop of Salamis on Cyprus. Heresiologist; author of the Panarion ('Medicine Chest') against 80 heresies. Vigorous opponent of Origenism.

1 bishop, c. 310–390.

1. Apollinaris of Laodiceac. 310 – c. 390

   Bishop of Laodicea in Syria from c.

2 bishops, c. 316–594.

1. 
   Martin of Toursc. 316 – 397

   Soldier turned monk and bishop of Tours. Pioneer of Western monasticism; subject of Sulpicius Severus's Vita Martini.

2. 
   Gregory of Toursc. 538 – 594

   Bishop of Tours and principal historian of the Merovingian Franks.

1 bishop, c. 330–379.

1. 
   Basil of Caesarea330 – 379

   Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia, founder of cenobitic monastic rules in the East, author of On the Holy Spirit. One of the three Cappadocian Fathers.

1 bishop, c. 330–390.

1. 
   Diodore of Tarsusc. 330 – c. 390

   Bishop of Tarsus, founder of the Antiochene exegetical school in its mature form. Teacher of John Chrysostom and Theodore of Mopsuestia.

1 bishop, c. 335–395.

1. 
   Gregory of Nyssac. 335 – c. 395

   Younger brother of Basil and the third Cappadocian Father. Author of the Life of Moses, Catechetical Oration, and Life of Macrina.

1 bishop, c. 339–397.

1. 
   Ambrose of Milanc. 339 – 397

   Bishop of Milan and one of the four Latin Doctors. Confronted emperors Theodosius and Valentinian; baptized Augustine in 387.

1 bishop, c. 340–391.

1. Peter of Sebastec. 340 – c. 391

   Youngest brother of Basil, Gregory of Nyssa and Macrina. Bishop of Sebaste from c. 380.

1 bishop, c. 340–403.

1. 
   Amphilochius of Iconiumc. 340 – c. 403

   Cousin of Gregory of Nazianzus and close friend of Basil. Bishop of Iconium; sometimes counted among the Cappadocians.

1 bishop, c. 345–407.

1. 
   Chromatius of Aquileiac. 345 – 407

   Bishop of Aquileia from 388. Patron of both Jerome and Rufinus; commissioned biblical translations and exegetical works.

1 bishop, c. 350–428.

1. 
   Theodore of Mopsuestiac. 350 – 428

   Bishop of Mopsuestia, leading Antiochene exegete and teacher of Nestorius. Posthumously condemned at the Second Council of Constantinople (553).

1 bishop, c. 354–430.

1. 
   Augustine of Hippo354 – 430

   Bishop of Hippo and the most influential Latin Father. Author of Confessions, City of God, On the Trinity, and the anti-Pelagian works.

1 bishop, c. 354–431.

1. 
   Paulinus of Nola354 – 431

   Aquitanian aristocrat and poet who renounced wealth for asceticism. Bishop of Nola from c. 409. Correspondent of Augustine, Jerome, Sulpicius Severus, and Ambrose.

1 bishop, c. 360–430.

1. 
   Alypius of Thagastec. 360 – c. 430

   Lifelong friend of Augustine, with whom he was baptized by Ambrose in 387. Bishop of Thagaste from 394.

1 bishop, c. 363–430.

1. Palladius of Galatiac. 363 – c. 430

   Disciple of Evagrius Ponticus and bishop of Helenopolis. Author of the Lausiac History on Egyptian monasticism and the Dialogue on the life of John Chrysostom.

1 bishop, c. 370–440.

1. Possidius of Calamac. 370 – c. 440

   Bishop of Calama and disciple of Augustine. Wrote the Vita Augustini and compiled an Indiculus of Augustine's works.

1 bishop, c. 385–461.

1. 
   Patrick of Irelandc. 385 – c. 461

   British missionary bishop who evangelized Ireland in the fifth century. Wrote the Confessio and the Letter to Coroticus, the only sure primary documents.

1 bishop, c. 386–455.

1. Julian of Eclanumc. 386 – c. 455

   Bishop of Eclanum, intellectually most formidable Pelagian theologian. Deposed for refusing to sign the Tractoria of Pope Zosimus; opposed by Augustine in Contra Julianum.

1 bishop, c. 393–460.

1. 
   Theodoret of Cyrus393 – c. 460

   Bishop of Cyrrhus, Antiochene exegete and historian. Author of an Ecclesiastical History; defended Nestorius then accepted Chalcedon (451).

1 bishop, c. 451–521.

1. 
   Jacob of Serughc. 451 – 521

   Bishop of Batnae in Serugh and prolific Syriac poet-theologian.

1 bishop, c. 467–533.

1. 
   Fulgentius of Ruspec. 467 – c. 533

   African bishop and major defender of Augustinian theology against Arianism and semi-Pelagianism.

1 bishop, c. 470–542.

1. 
   Caesarius of Arlesc. 470 – 542

   Bishop of Arles and prolific preacher.

2 bishops, c. 534–690.

1. 
   Augustine of Canterburyc. 534 – c. 604

   First Archbishop of Canterbury. Sent by Pope Gregory the Great in 596 to evangelize the Anglo-Saxons; baptized King Æthelberht of Kent. Founder of the English church hierarchy.

2. Theodore of Tarsusc. 602 – 690

   Greek monk from Tarsus appointed Archbishop of Canterbury (668-690) by Pope Vitalian.

2 bishops, c. 534–636.

1. 
   Leander of Sevillec. 534 – c. 600

   Archbishop of Seville and elder brother of Isidore.

2. 
   Isidore of Sevillec. 560 – 636

   Archbishop of Seville and last of the Latin Fathers.

1 bishop, c. 590–651.

1. 
   Braulio of Saragossac. 590 – 651

   Bishop of Saragossa and disciple of Isidore of Seville. Edited Isidore's Etymologiae and wrote the Renotatio Librorum Domini Isidori. Significant epistolary corpus.

1 bishop, c. 607–667.

1. 
   Ildefonsus of Toledoc. 607 – 667

   Archbishop of Toledo (657-667). Disciple of Isidore. Wrote De Virginitate Sanctae Mariae and continued Isidore's De Viris Illustribus.

1 bishop, c. 613–700.

1. Isaac of Ninevehc. 613 – c. 700

   East Syriac (Church of the East) ascetic and mystical writer.

1 bishop, c. 633–709.

1. Wilfridc. 633 – 709

   Northumbrian bishop and champion of Roman over Celtic Christian usages at the Synod of Whitby (664). Founded monasteries at Ripon and Hexham.

1 bishop, c. 634–687.

1. 
   Cuthbert of Lindisfarnec. 634 – 687

   Northumbrian monk and bishop of Lindisfarne. Patron saint of northern England; venerated through the prose and verse Vitae by Bede.

1 bishop, c. 639–709.

1. 
   Aldhelm of Sherbornec. 639 – 709

   First bishop of Sherborne and abbot of Malmesbury.

1 bishop, c. 640–708.

1. 
   Jacob of Edessac. 640 – 708

   Syriac Orthodox bishop of Edessa, scholar, grammarian, translator, and chronicler.

1 bishop, c. 660–740.

1. 
   Andrew of Cretec. 660 – c. 740

   Archbishop of Crete and major Byzantine hymnographer.

1 bishop, c. 675–754.

1. 
   Bonifacec. 675 – 754

   Anglo-Saxon missionary and Archbishop of Mainz.