Who did Paul of Tarsus teach?

Timothy, Titus, Luke the Evangelist, and Onesimus.

Who did Paul of Tarsus meet?

Peter, James the Just, and Mark the Evangelist.

Paul of Tarsus

c. 5 – c. 65 · b. Tarsus

apostlemartyrtheologian

Pharisee turned apostle to the Gentiles after his Damascus-road encounter. Author of at least seven undisputed letters in the New Testament; martyred in Rome under Nero.

Why Paul matters

Paul wrote half of the New Testament and turned a Jewish messianic movement into a religion that could go anywhere. He got into the founding theological argument of the church (does the gospel require Gentiles to keep the Mosaic Law?) and won it, with consequences for everyone. He was the first Christian intellectual, the first traveling missionary, the first to think systematically about what the death and resurrection of Jesus actually meant. Every later Christian theologian works inside the categories he set.

Chain to Jesus

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Common questions

Who was Paul of Tarsus?: Paul of Tarsus (5–65) — Pharisee turned apostle to the Gentiles after his Damascus-road encounter. Author of at least seven undisputed letters in the New Testament; martyred in Rome under Nero.
Who did Paul of Tarsus teach?: Timothy, Titus, Luke the Evangelist, and Onesimus.
Who did Paul of Tarsus meet?: Peter, James the Just, and Mark the Evangelist.
Who did Paul of Tarsus oppose?: Peter and James the Just.

Sources for biography

Acts of the Apostles 9, 13-28 primary
Galatians 1-2 primary
1 Clement 5 primary
Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. 2.22, 2.25 primary

documented connections(11)

knew of Jesus of Nazareth
Paul claims a resurrection appearance and direct revelation (Galatians 1:11-17, 1 Cor 15:8). Not a pre-Easter disciple.
1 Corinthians 15:8 · Galatians 1:11-17 · Acts 9:1-19
met Peter
Paul visited Cephas in Jerusalem for fifteen days c. AD 36 (Gal 1:18). They later met at the Apostolic Council (Gal 2 / Acts 15).
Galatians 1:18; 2:1-10 · Acts of the Apostles 15
opposed Peter
The Antioch incident: Paul publicly rebuked Peter for withdrawing from Gentile table fellowship under pressure from 'men from James' (Gal 2:11-14).
Galatians 2:11-14
met James the Just
Paul met James in Jerusalem (Gal 1:19) and again at the Apostolic Council (Gal 2:9 / Acts 15).
Galatians 1:19; 2:9 · Acts 15:13; 21:18
taught Timothy
Acts 16:1-3 · 1 Timothy 1:2 · Philippians 2:19-22
taught Titus
Galatians 2:1-3 · Titus 1:4-5 · 2 Corinthians 7:6-15
taught Luke the Evangelist
Luke is named as Paul's companion in Colossians 4:14, Philemon 24, 2 Timothy 4:11; Irenaeus calls him 'a follower of Paul'.
Colossians 4:14 · 2 Timothy 4:11 · Irenaeus, Adv. Haer. 3.1.1
met Mark the Evangelist
Mark accompanied Paul and Barnabas, then split (Acts 13:13; 15:37-39). Later reconciled (Col 4:10; 2 Tim 4:11).
Acts 13:13; 15:37-39 · Colossians 4:10
taught Onesimus
Philemon 10-16
cited (incoming) Polycarp of Smyrna
Polycarp's Letter to the Philippians quotes or alludes to most of the Pauline corpus extensively.
Polycarp, To the Philippians (passim, esp. 3.2, 11.2-3)
cited (incoming) Ignatius of Antioch
Ignatius alludes repeatedly to Pauline letters (esp. 1 Cor, Eph) and explicitly praises Paul (Eph. 12.2; Rom. 4.3).
Ignatius, To the Ephesians 12.2 · Ignatius, To the Romans 4.3

tradition connections(2)

opposed James the Just
Paul was opposed not by James personally but by 'certain men from James' whose intervention triggered the Antioch incident (Gal 2:12). The direct opposition between Paul and James himself is inferred and disputed by scholars.
Galatians 2:12
knew of (incoming) Clement of Rome
1 Clement 5 speaks vividly of Paul's martyrdom in the first person plural ('our generation'); patristic tradition (Origen, Eusebius, Jerome) identifies Clement with the fellow worker of Phil 4:3.
1 Clement 5 · Philippians 4:3 · Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. 3.15

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